Introduction= in a cell inorganic materials like minerals, water and organic compounds like carbohydrate,lipid, protein or nucleic acid are present. here we are reading about organic compounds which are important for human body and effects on us. so now we read about there composition, structure and also there function in easy and learning way.
carbohydrate
carbohydrate is a important part of our food. this is presents in carbon,hydrogen and oxygen's 1:2:1 ratio so that this call carbohydrate. during to water snap carbohydrate breaks in glucose and water molecules.in living cells glucose is present in glycogen phase.
there is a three type of carbohydrate-
(a) monosaccharides= simple carbohydrate is monosaccharides. there formula is CnH2nOn. in there structure carbon atoms are 3-7.
on base of atoms number this divides in five types.
1.triosis
2.tetrosil
3.pentosis
4.hexosis
5.heptosis
structure of hectose and pentose are open and ring like. glucose and fructose are example of hexose sugar.
(A) glucose= it is also call grape sugar or dextrose which found in fruits and honey. in the body present in blood and intestine. it is highly founds in urine of diabetic patients.all carbohydrates distribute to cells in phase of glucose.
(B)fructose=the other name of fructose is laevulose. the structure of its is same like glucose but some chemical characters are different. it converts in glucose in liver.
(C)galactose= its found in milk sugar or lactose with glucose. during the digestion its each molecule divides in glucose and galactose's molecules.
all those are white, crystallise and sweet sugars.
ribose and deoxyribose are pentose sugar which found in nucleic acid.
monosaccharides has two special chemical characters-
-sugar of aldehyde and kiton's class convert Cu++ in Cu+.
- monosaccharides aldehyde and kiton react with other carbonic compounds alcohol and combines by glycosidic bond.
oligasaccharides=when two monosaccharides are combines by glycosidic bond it call oligosaccharide. biologically maltose, sucrose and lactose are important disaccharides.
(A)sucrose- sucrose, which also cane sugar call, highly found in fruits, sugar cane and sweet potato. this is a sweet sugar. this divides in fructose and glucose by water snap.
(B)lactose=the other name of lactose is milk sugar. this is a only carbohydrate founds in child who only drink milk. in its structure there is a one atom of glucose and other of galactose.
(C)maltose= malt sugar don't founds free this made from ptyalin enzymes reaction on glycogen.
functions of small molecules of carbohydrate=
1.in photo synthesis trayose, pentose and heptose are middle compound.
2.in respiration glucose makes energy.
3.in many animals glucose is presents in phase of blood sugar.
4. in mammary glands glucose and galactose make milk sugar lactose.
5. ribose and de oxyribose are part of nucleic acid and nucleotide.
6.glucose is useful in lipid synthesis.
QUESTIONS ABOUT BIOMOLECULES
3.polysaccharides=these are polymers of monosaccharide example- starch, cellulose, agar.]
types of polysaccharides-
(a) food storage polysaccharides- starch is example of this which presents in wheat,banana, potato and tapioca. glycogen is store in liver and muscles of mammalian.
advantage of polysaccharides carbohydrate-
1.in there production many water molecules release from monosaccarides so very much sugar store.
2.the storage of polysaccharides is easy comparing yo monosaccharide.
(b) structural polysaccharides-
1.cellulose- this is a fibre like flexible matter which mostly presence in plant body. cellulose is 50% founds in wood and in cotton this is 90%. in cellulose molecule structure 6000 glucose molecules connects in a row. in human body enzymes to digest cellulose are absent. these enzymes are presents in cow, goat and other animals.
use of cellulose-
1. this useful in fuel.
2.cotton and linen is used to make rope and clothes.
3. rayon is make by cellulose.
4.by water snap cellulose converts in sugar.
5.cellulose nitrate is used in explosive
2.chitin- this is a also a type of polysaccharides found in outer skeleton of crabs this is made of N-acetyl glucose amine. chitin is smooth and membrane like structure. this is a safety layer of body.
3.mucoploysaccharides- the liquid flow from plant body called mucilage. the best example of its is psyllium. this is made of galactose and mejose. this is economically important. in our body it present in hyaline fluid and sinovial fluid.
click heare to know about other biomolecules-
BIOMOLECULES
carbohydrate
carbohydrate is a important part of our food. this is presents in carbon,hydrogen and oxygen's 1:2:1 ratio so that this call carbohydrate. during to water snap carbohydrate breaks in glucose and water molecules.in living cells glucose is present in glycogen phase.
there is a three type of carbohydrate-
(a) monosaccharides= simple carbohydrate is monosaccharides. there formula is CnH2nOn. in there structure carbon atoms are 3-7.
on base of atoms number this divides in five types.
1.triosis
2.tetrosil
3.pentosis
4.hexosis
5.heptosis
structure of hectose and pentose are open and ring like. glucose and fructose are example of hexose sugar.
(A) glucose= it is also call grape sugar or dextrose which found in fruits and honey. in the body present in blood and intestine. it is highly founds in urine of diabetic patients.all carbohydrates distribute to cells in phase of glucose.
(B)fructose=the other name of fructose is laevulose. the structure of its is same like glucose but some chemical characters are different. it converts in glucose in liver.
ribose and deoxyribose are pentose sugar which found in nucleic acid.
monosaccharides has two special chemical characters-
-sugar of aldehyde and kiton's class convert Cu++ in Cu+.
- monosaccharides aldehyde and kiton react with other carbonic compounds alcohol and combines by glycosidic bond.
oligasaccharides=when two monosaccharides are combines by glycosidic bond it call oligosaccharide. biologically maltose, sucrose and lactose are important disaccharides.
(A)sucrose- sucrose, which also cane sugar call, highly found in fruits, sugar cane and sweet potato. this is a sweet sugar. this divides in fructose and glucose by water snap.
1.in photo synthesis trayose, pentose and heptose are middle compound.
2.in respiration glucose makes energy.
3.in many animals glucose is presents in phase of blood sugar.
4. in mammary glands glucose and galactose make milk sugar lactose.
5. ribose and de oxyribose are part of nucleic acid and nucleotide.
6.glucose is useful in lipid synthesis.
QUESTIONS ABOUT BIOMOLECULES
3.polysaccharides=these are polymers of monosaccharide example- starch, cellulose, agar.]
types of polysaccharides-
(a) food storage polysaccharides- starch is example of this which presents in wheat,banana, potato and tapioca. glycogen is store in liver and muscles of mammalian.
advantage of polysaccharides carbohydrate-
1.in there production many water molecules release from monosaccarides so very much sugar store.
2.the storage of polysaccharides is easy comparing yo monosaccharide.
(b) structural polysaccharides-
1.cellulose- this is a fibre like flexible matter which mostly presence in plant body. cellulose is 50% founds in wood and in cotton this is 90%. in cellulose molecule structure 6000 glucose molecules connects in a row. in human body enzymes to digest cellulose are absent. these enzymes are presents in cow, goat and other animals.
use of cellulose-
1. this useful in fuel.
2.cotton and linen is used to make rope and clothes.
3. rayon is make by cellulose.
4.by water snap cellulose converts in sugar.
5.cellulose nitrate is used in explosive
2.chitin- this is a also a type of polysaccharides found in outer skeleton of crabs this is made of N-acetyl glucose amine. chitin is smooth and membrane like structure. this is a safety layer of body.
3.mucoploysaccharides- the liquid flow from plant body called mucilage. the best example of its is psyllium. this is made of galactose and mejose. this is economically important. in our body it present in hyaline fluid and sinovial fluid.
click heare to know about other biomolecules-
BIOMOLECULES
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