Nucleic acid
Swindon's Fricdrich micscher has the oner to discover nucleic acid. nucleic acid are polymers of nucleotides and every nucleotides are made by combining nitrogenous heterocyclic rings,sugar and phosphate group. the molecular weight of nucleic acid is high and structure is complex. nucleic acid are isolated from nucleus so it call nucleic acid. There is two structure classes of nucleic acids are occur in cell -deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid.
1.deoxyribonucleic acid- DNA is present in all living cells except in some plant viruses.DNA mostly founds in nucleus but also available in chloroplast and mitochondria in small amount. DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. each nucleotide is made from three different compounds. 1.pentose sugar-deoxyribose
2.phosphoric acid
3.nitrogenous base
nitrogenous base are two types-1.purine base-(a)Adenine (A)
(b)guanine (G)
2.Pyrimidine bases-(a)Thymine (T)
(b)Cytosine (C)
in each circle many type of nucleotides are arranged in a row.
in every nucleotide has one- one molecules of deoxyribose,nitrogenous base and phosphoric acid.
molecules of nitrogenous base is arrange in inside of deoxyribose and phosphate is outside.
one rows all nucleotides joints from there phosphate molecule.
nucleotides of both circles are also attached by hydrogen bond between nitrogenous base. amount of purine and pyrimidine base are equal in both nucleotide chain.one chains Adenine joints from other chains thymine and cytosine joint from guanine. there is a double bond between adenine and thymine and triple bond between guanine and cytosine.
Molecular structure of DNA-
Watson and crick gives DNA modal and they crowned with Nobel prise for that modal in 1962. according them in DNA's bi-coiled structure two characters are shows-
1.DNA molecule is made of two helices which coil around there axis.
2.both chins coil in opposite directions.
Watson and crick modal of DNA_
Importance of DNA-
1. genes are made of DNA. DNA transfer genetic characters from one generation to next generation.
2. this control all activities in cell.
3.DNA syntheses RNA which is important for protein synthesis.
4.DNA is stable. it has less chances of mutation and genetic changes.
read about cell biology on this link-
CELL BIOLOGY
2.ribo-nucleic acid-
Distribution- RNA is mostly present in cytoplasm and nucleolus. and except this RNA is also found in mitochondria and chloroplast also. RNA is genetic material in some plant virus and bacteriophage.
Structure-RNA is polynucleotide chain of four monomeric ribo-nucleotides. each ribo- nucleotide contain one pentose sugar, one nitrogen base molecule, one phosphate molecule.
(a)Nitrogen base- these are two type carbonic compounds -purine and pyrimidine. purines are adenine and guanine. pyrimidine are cytosine and uracil.
(b)Sugar-RNA has ribose sugar which is a pentose sugar.
(c)Phosphate- this is in phase of phosphoric acid.its phosphate connected with ribose sugar. There is a ester bond between them.
RNA made in nucleus and then come in cytoplasm. this transfer information from nucleus to ribosome. ribosome doing protein synthesis.
there is a three types of RNA-
1.Ribosomal RNA-this type of RNA is presents in ribosome.
2.Messenger RNA-this made in nucleus and gives information for protein synthesis. for every protein there is a special messenger RNA.
3.Transfer RNA-this is small then messenger RNA. this collects amino acids from cytoplasm for protein synthesis.
QUESTION ANSWER FOR MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Swindon's Fricdrich micscher has the oner to discover nucleic acid. nucleic acid are polymers of nucleotides and every nucleotides are made by combining nitrogenous heterocyclic rings,sugar and phosphate group. the molecular weight of nucleic acid is high and structure is complex. nucleic acid are isolated from nucleus so it call nucleic acid. There is two structure classes of nucleic acids are occur in cell -deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid.
1.deoxyribonucleic acid- DNA is present in all living cells except in some plant viruses.DNA mostly founds in nucleus but also available in chloroplast and mitochondria in small amount. DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. each nucleotide is made from three different compounds. 1.pentose sugar-deoxyribose
2.phosphoric acid
3.nitrogenous base
nitrogenous base are two types-1.purine base-(a)Adenine (A)
(b)guanine (G)
2.Pyrimidine bases-(a)Thymine (T)
(b)Cytosine (C)
in each circle many type of nucleotides are arranged in a row.in every nucleotide has one- one molecules of deoxyribose,nitrogenous base and phosphoric acid.
molecules of nitrogenous base is arrange in inside of deoxyribose and phosphate is outside.
one rows all nucleotides joints from there phosphate molecule.
Molecular structure of DNA-
Watson and crick gives DNA modal and they crowned with Nobel prise for that modal in 1962. according them in DNA's bi-coiled structure two characters are shows-
1.DNA molecule is made of two helices which coil around there axis.
2.both chins coil in opposite directions.
Watson and crick modal of DNA_
Importance of DNA-
1. genes are made of DNA. DNA transfer genetic characters from one generation to next generation.
2. this control all activities in cell.
3.DNA syntheses RNA which is important for protein synthesis.
4.DNA is stable. it has less chances of mutation and genetic changes.
read about cell biology on this link-
CELL BIOLOGY
2.ribo-nucleic acid-
Distribution- RNA is mostly present in cytoplasm and nucleolus. and except this RNA is also found in mitochondria and chloroplast also. RNA is genetic material in some plant virus and bacteriophage.
Structure-RNA is polynucleotide chain of four monomeric ribo-nucleotides. each ribo- nucleotide contain one pentose sugar, one nitrogen base molecule, one phosphate molecule.
(a)Nitrogen base- these are two type carbonic compounds -purine and pyrimidine. purines are adenine and guanine. pyrimidine are cytosine and uracil.
(b)Sugar-RNA has ribose sugar which is a pentose sugar.
(c)Phosphate- this is in phase of phosphoric acid.its phosphate connected with ribose sugar. There is a ester bond between them.
RNA made in nucleus and then come in cytoplasm. this transfer information from nucleus to ribosome. ribosome doing protein synthesis.
1.Ribosomal RNA-this type of RNA is presents in ribosome.
2.Messenger RNA-this made in nucleus and gives information for protein synthesis. for every protein there is a special messenger RNA.
3.Transfer RNA-this is small then messenger RNA. this collects amino acids from cytoplasm for protein synthesis.
QUESTION ANSWER FOR MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
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